Visual Thinking


Rudolf Arnheim



OneEarly Stirrings
1

Perception torn from thinking




TwoThe Intelligence of Perception(i)
13

Perception as cognition.




ThreeThe Intelligence of Perception(ii)
37

Subtracting the context.




FourTwo and Two Together
54

Relations depend on structure.




FiveThe Past in the Present
80

Forces acting on memory.




SixThe Images of Thought
97

What are mental images like?




SevenConcepts Take Shape
116

Abstract gestures.




EightPictures, Symbols, and Signs
135

The functions of images.




NineWhat Abstraction Is Not
153

A harmful dichotomy.




TenWhat Abstraction Is
153

Types and containers.




ElevenWith Feet on the Ground
188

Abstraction as withdrawl.




TwelveThinking With Pure Shapes
208

Numbers reflect life.




ThirteenWords in Their Place
226

Can one think in words?




FourteenArt and Thought
254

Thinking in children's drawings.




FifteenModels for Theory
274

Cosmological shapes.




SixteenVision in Education
294

What is art for?




Notes 317
Bibliogaraphy 325
Index 339